Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in many fields, from mobile phones to electric vehicles, and from solar energy systems to storage solutions. However, fires caused by misuse, overheating, or physical damage of these batteries are unlike ordinary fires. Especially with the process called "thermal runaway," lithium fires spread very quickly and are extremely difficult to control.
So why are traditional fire extinguishers ineffective in such fires?

1. The Chemical Nature of the Fire is Different

Lithium fires do not fall into the classic fire classes A (solid), B (liquid), or C (gas). These fires have a metallic structure and special reactions. Lithium flames reach very high temperatures and can produce their own oxygen. Therefore, traditional extinguishers are insufficient.

2. Extinguishing with Water and Foam is Dangerous

Water can react with lithium to produce hydrogen gas, which can cause explosions. Foam may have a superficial effect but cannot stop the internal reaction of the battery.

3. CO₂ Extinguishers are Insufficient

Carbon dioxide-based extinguishers are generally used for A-B-C type fires. However, since lithium fires are fueled by an internal reaction, simply cutting off the air is not effective. CO₂ smoke can have a cooling effect but cannot extinguish the fire.

4. Powder Extinguishers Cannot Suppress Heat

ABC powder extinguishers may have a temporary surface effect, but as long as thermal runaway continues, heat production inside the lithium battery persists. This can lead to the fire reigniting.

5. Secondary Ignition Risk is Continuous

Lithium cells can reignite hours after being extinguished. Traditional extinguishers cannot eliminate this risk.
Solution: Special Extinguishing Systems for Lithium Fires
Specially formulated solutions are required to combat lithium-based fires. Envoy EX, developed by Envoy, provides a high-performance, fast, and safe response to lithium fires. It quickly reduces heat, suppresses the reaction, and eliminates the risk of re-ignition.

Conclusion

Unfortunately, traditional fire extinguishers are insufficient for lithium-based fires. Scientifically developed solutions specifically designed for these fires should be preferred. As lithium batteries become more widespread, awareness and proper firefighting equipment in this area are of vital importance.